Table of Content

This is a four-parts article. There are few sections here.

Part One
  • Preface: Test Bed
  • Getting Started With Docker
  • Issues on Minimal Install: No Reset, No Manual
  • Package Management: ZYpp Frontend, Get Help, Zypper Shell
  • Updating System: OS Release, List Updates, Update, Upgrades, Patch Check, Process Being Used
  • Package IRSIF: Install, Download Only, Removal, Dependency Removal, Query Search, Show Info, File List
  • What's Next
Part Two
  • Dependency: Help, Dependency, Reverse Dependency, Test, Verify
  • Group: Pattern
  • System Wide: List Packages
  • History: The Log File
  • Clean Up
  • What's Next
Part Three
  • Repositories: List, Add/Remove, Modify, Service List, Additional, Mirror
  • What's Next
Part Four
  • Build from Source: General Requirement, Download and Extract, Build Dependencies, Source Path, Build, Install RPM
  • Inspect Package: rpmlint, rpm -Qpl, rpmls, rpm2cpio
  • Hold Package: Case Example, Add Lock, Test Example, Remove Lock
  • Interesting Issue: systemd Dependencies
  • Conclusion

Build from Source

Zypper has the capability to download the source code. Then we can utilize other tool to build from source.

General Requirement

We require to install rpm-build and toolchain.

$ zypper in gcc make rpm-build
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 28 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  binutils cpp cpp7 dwz gcc gcc7 gettext-runtime gettext-tools libasan4
  libatomic1 libcilkrts5 libcroco-0_6-3 libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
  libmpc3 libmpfr4 libmpx2 libmpxwrappers2 libtsan0 libubsan0 make patch
  rpm-build systemd-rpm-macros tar which

The following package is going to be upgraded:
  libgcc_s1

1 package to upgrade, 28 new.
Overall download size: 38.9 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation,
additional 148.1 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Docker Zypper: Install Toolchain

Download and Extract

I choose herbstluftwm as an example.

Source install in zypper will download source code, and extract to into /usr/src/packages/. Downloading also install required package dependencies.

$ zypper source-install herbstluftwm
Retrieving repository 'Window Managers' metadata .............[done]
Building repository 'Window Managers' cache ..................[done]
...

The following 213 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  Mesa Mesa-libEGL-devel Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL-devel Mesa-libGL1
  ...
  xorg-x11-devel xorg-x11-util-devel xproto-devel xtrans xz-devel
  zlib-devel

The following source package is going to be installed:
  herbstluftwm

The following 5 packages are going to be upgraded:
  glibc glibc-locale libgcrypt20 libstdc++6 python-base

5 packages to upgrade, 213 new, 1 source package.
Overall download size: 77.4 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the
operation, additional 281.5 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y):

Please click the figure for longer content.

Docker Zypper: Install Source

Build Dependencies

You can also install only updated dependencies. This happen sometimes after a while, like after a month, there should be package update in tumbleweed.

$ zypper si --build-deps-only herbstluftwm
Reading installed packages...
Loading repository data...
Resolving package dependencies...

The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
  gcc-c++ gcc7-c++

2 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 9.3 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the
operation, additional 25.6 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/...? shows all options] (y): 

[Docker Zypper: --build-deps-only

Source Path

Now we have these directories, we need the herbstluftwm.spec.

$ ls /usr/src/packages/      
BUILD  BUILDROOT  RPMS	SOURCES  SPECS	SRPMS
$ ls -l /usr/src/packages/SPECS/                  
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4468 Aug 31 16:19 herbstluftwm.spec

Docker Source: /usr/src/packages/SPECS/

Consider use SPECS path as working directory for build.

$ cd /usr/src/packages/SPECS/

Build

Just one command rpmbuild -ba.

$ rpmbuild -ba herbstluftwm.spec
Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.bXhF1w
+ umask 022
+ cd /usr/src/packages/BUILD
+ cd /usr/src/packages/BUILD
+ rm -rf herbstluftwm-1335135043
+ /usr/bin/bzip2 -dc /usr/src/packages/SOURCES/herbstluftwm-1335135043.tar.bz2
...
Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.SxVkky
+ umask 022
+ cd /usr/src/packages/BUILD
+ cd herbstluftwm-1335135043
+ rm -rf /usr/src/packages/BUILDROOT/herbstluftwm-1335135043-3.280.x86_64
+ exit 0

Docker RPM: rpmbuild -ba

Install The RPM Output

Consider check if the output exist, and install.

$ ls -l /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/
total 152
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152794 Sep  3 17:28 herbstluftwm-1335135043-3.280.x86_64.rpm

Docker Source: /usr/src/packages/RPMS/

$ rpm -iv /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/herbstluftwm-1335135043-3.280.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing packages...
herbstluftwm-1335135043-3.280.x86_64

Docker RPM: rpm -iv

Now we are almost done.


Inspect Package

Often we need to inspect .rpm package. No need any zypper command, as this more like an rpm issue.

rpmlint

Check for possible issue, similar to lintian or namcap.

$ rpmlint herbstluftwm-0.7.0-2.1.x86_64.rpm 
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: unstripped-binary-or-object /usr/bin/herbstclient
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: unstripped-binary-or-object /usr/bin/herbstluftwm
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: position-independent-executable-suggested /usr/bin/herbstclient
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: position-independent-executable-suggested /usr/bin/herbstluftwm
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: no-manual-page-for-binary dmenu_run_hlwm
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: install-file-in-docs /usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm/INSTALL
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: file-contains-current-date /usr/bin/herbstclient
herbstluftwm.x86_64: W: file-contains-current-date /usr/bin/herbstluftwm
1 packages and 0 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 8 warnings.

Docker openSUSE: rpmlint

rpm -Qpl

You can also query file -Qpl directly to the .rpm package.

$ rpm -qpl /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/herbstluftwm-0.7.0-2.1.x86_64.rpm 
/etc/bash_completion.d/herbstclient-completion
/etc/xdg/herbstluftwm
/etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/autostart
/etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/panel.sh
/etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/restartpanels.sh
/usr/bin/dmenu_run_hlwm
/usr/bin/herbstclient
/usr/bin/herbstluftwm
/usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm
/usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm/BUGS

Docker openSUSE: rpm -qpl

rpmls

Or use the rpmls from the rpmdevtools package

$ rpmls /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/herbstluftwm-0.7.0-2.1.x86_64.rpm 
-rw-r--r--  /etc/bash_completion.d/herbstclient-completion
drwxr-xr-x  /etc/xdg/herbstluftwm
-rwxr-xr-x  /etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/autostart
-rwxr-xr-x  /etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/panel.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  /etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/restartpanels.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  /usr/bin/dmenu_run_hlwm
-rwxr-xr-x  /usr/bin/herbstclient
-rwxr-xr-x  /usr/bin/herbstluftwm
drwxr-xr-x  /usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm
-rw-r--r--  /usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm/BUGS

Docker openSUSE: rpmls

rpm2cpio

This one also extract.

$ rpm2cpio /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/herbstluftwm-0.7.0-2.1.x86_64.rpm | cpio -vid
./etc/bash_completion.d/herbstclient-completion
./etc/xdg/herbstluftwm
./etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/autostart
./etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/panel.sh
./etc/xdg/herbstluftwm/restartpanels.sh
./usr/bin/dmenu_run_hlwm
./usr/bin/herbstclient
./usr/bin/herbstluftwm
./usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm
./usr/share/doc/herbstluftwm/BUGS

Docker openSUSE: rpm2cpio, cpio -vid


Hold Package

Zypper hold package using lock mechanism. This is just terminology.

Case Example

Suppose you want to do system upgrade, but you do not want to upgrade certain package. There is a good reason for these, such as keeping old driver, because the latest has a issue or such reason. Or maybe we want to keep our current beloved newly compiled herbstluftwm that equipped with super duper specific configuration parameter optimization.

$ zypper dup

Warning: ...
...
The following package is going to change vendor:
  herbstluftwm   -> obs://build.opensuse.org/X11
...

Docker Zypper: dup unlocked

You can skip or ignore by hold package so that the package will kept intact while doing system upgrade.

Add Lock

We can add lock easily using zypper.

$ zypper al herbstluftwm
Specified lock has been successfully added.

This will put new package entry in /etc/zypp/locks.

$ cat /etc/zypp/locks 

type: package
match_type: glob
case_sensitive: on
solvable_name: herbstluftwm

Now you can view the entry in nice table.

$ zypper ll

# | Name         | Type    | Repository
--+--------------+---------+-----------
1 | herbstluftwm | package | (any)  

Docker Zypper: Add Lock

Test Example

Now we have different result when doing the same zypper dup command.

$ zypper dup
Warning: ...
...

The following item is locked and will not be changed by any action:
 Installed:
  herbstluftwm

Docker Zypper: dup locked

Remove Lock

You can unlock package by removing list from configuration /etc/zypp/locks or command line

$ zypper rl herbstluftwm
1 lock has been successfully removed.

Docker Zypper: Remove Lock


Interesting Issue

systemd Dependencies

While solving the no manual problem, I encountered another issue.

$ zypper in man

This is somehow interesting, manual pages in openSUSE depend on systemd.

systemd dependency issue on openSUSE

Why would a manual man need to depend to an init ?

$ zypper info --requires man
Requires : [32]
cron

$ zypper info --requires cron
Requires : [5]
cronie = 1.5.1-66.3

$ zypper info --requires cronie
Requires : [26]
systemd

openSUSE minimal install allow the user to remove systemd, leaving the system without init.


Conclusion

These are just preliminary knowledge about Zypper.

Thank you for reading